Eye Dieasese & Treatment

Surgical Treatment

1. Vitrectomy Most common surgical procedure for advanced diabetic retinopathy Removes vitreous gel filled with blood or scar tissue Helps reattach the retina if detached Improves vision in cases of vitreous hemorrhage or tractional retinal detachment 2. Retinal Laser Surgery (Panretinal Photocoagulation) Uses laser to seal leaking blood vessels Prevents growth of abnormal new vessels (neovascularization) Can reduce risk of severe vision loss 3. Anti-VEGF Injections (Adjunct Therapy) Medications like ranibizumab, bevacizumab, aflibercept Reduce abnormal blood vessel growth Can be combined with surgery or laser treatment for better results 4. Scleral Buckling (Rarely Used) In cases of retinal detachment, a silicone band is placed around the eye Helps push the retina back against the eye wall Recovery and Care Post-surgery eye drops and medications to prevent infection Follow-up exams to monitor healing and vision Maintain blood sugar, blood pressure, and cholesterol control

Treatment Options

1. Lifestyle and Medical Management

• Control blood sugar, blood pressure, and cholesterol

• Maintain a healthy diet and exercise

• Regular eye exams to detect early changes

2. Medications

• Anti-VEGF injections (e.g., ranibizumab, bevacizumab, aflibercept)

  • Reduce growth of abnormal blood vessels

  • Decrease retinal swelling

• Steroid injections – reduce inflammation in some cases

3. Laser Therapy

• Focal laser photocoagulation – seals leaking blood vessels

• Panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) – prevents new abnormal vessels from forming

4. Surgical Treatment

• Vitrectomy – removes blood and scar tissue from the vitreous

• Scleral buckling – used in cases of retinal detachment (rare)

5. Follow-Up Care

• Regular retinal exams

• Monitor vision and retinal health

• Continue diabetes management to prevent recurrence