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Eye Dieasese & Treatment

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About Retinal Diseases

Retinal diseases are conditions that affect the retina, the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye, leading to vision impairment or blindness if untreated.

Common Symptoms

Blurred or Distorted Vision
Floaters
Flashes of Light
Dark or Empty Areas in Vision
Loss of Central Vision
Sudden Vision Loss
Poor Night Vision
Colors Look Faded

Advanced Treatment Options

Surgical Treatment

When retinal diseases are severe or vision is at risk, surgical interventions are used to restore retinal function or prevent further damage. 1. Vitrectomy Most common retinal surgery Removes the vitreous gel, blood, or scar tissue Used for vitreous hemorrhage, retinal detachment, or advanced diabetic retinopathy 2. Retinal Detachment Surgery Scleral Buckling – a silicone band is placed around the eye to push the retina back Pneumatic Retinopexy – gas bubble is injected to reattach the retina Often combined with vitrectomy for complex detachments 3. Laser Surgery (Photocoagulation) Seals retinal tears or holes Prevents abnormal blood vessel growth in diabetic retinopathy or retinal vein occlusion Can reduce risk of retinal detachment 4. Macular Surgery Macular Hole Repair – vitrectomy with gas bubble to close hole in the macula Epiretinal Membrane Removal – peels scar tissue causing vision distortion 5. Cryopexy (Freezing Treatment) Used for retinal tears to adhere the retina to underlying tissue

Treatment Options

Treatment depends on the type and severity of the retinal disease.

1. Medications

  • Anti-VEGF injections (e.g., ranibizumab, bevacizumab, aflibercept) – for diabetic retinopathy, wet macular degeneration

  • Steroid injections – reduce inflammation and swelling in the retina

  • Antibiotics or antivirals – for retinal infections

2. Laser Therapy

  • Focal laser photocoagulation – seals leaking blood vessels

  • Panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) – prevents growth of abnormal vessels

  • Laser for retinal tears – prevents retinal detachment

3. Surgical Treatments

  • Vitrectomy – removes vitreous hemorrhage or scar tissue

  • Retinal reattachment surgery – scleral buckling, pneumatic retinopexy, or vitrectomy for retinal detachment

  • Macular surgery – repair of macular holes or removal of epiretinal membranes

4. Lifestyle and Monitoring

  • Control diabetes, hypertension, and cholesterol

  • Quit smoking to reduce progression of macular degeneration

  • Regular retinal exams for early detection and timely intervention